NON-VIOLENCE IN its dynamic condition means conscious suffering. It does
not mean meek submission to the will of the evil-doer, but it means the pitting
of one's whole soul against the will of the tyrant. Working under this law of
our being, it is possible for a single individual to defy the whole might of an
unjust empire to save his honour, his religion, his soul and lay the foundation
for that empire's fall or its regeneration. (YI, 1-8-1920, p3)
Active Force
The non-violence of my conception is a more active and more real fighting
against wickedness than retaliation whose very nature is to increase
wickedness. I contemplate a mental and, therefore, a moral opposition to
immoralities. I seek entirely to blunt the edge of the tyrant's sword, not by
putting up against it a sharper-edged weapon, but by disappointing his
expectation that I would be offering physical resistance. The resistance of the
should that I should offer instead would elude him. It would at first dazzle
him, and at last compel recognition from him, which recognition would not
humiliate him but would uplift him. It may be urged that this again is an ideal
state. And so it is. The propositions from which I have drawn my arguments are
as true as Euclid's definitions, which are none the less true because in
practice we are unable to even draw Euclid's line on a blackboard. But even a
geometrician finds it impossible to get on without bearing in mind Euclid's
definitions. Nor may we...dispense with the fundamental propositions on which
the doctrine of Satyagraha is based. (YI, 8-10-1925, p346)
I admit that the strong will rob the weak and that it is sin to be weak.
But this is said of the soul in man, not of the body. If it be said of the
body, we could never be free from the sin of weakness. But the strength of soul
can defy a whole world in arms against it. This strength is open to the weakest
in body. (YI, 6-5-1926, p164)
Non-violence is the greatest force at the disposal of mankind. It is
mightier than the mightiest weapon of destruction devised by the ingenuity of
man. Destruction is not the law of the humans. Man lives freely by his
readiness to die, if need be, at the hands of his brother, never by killing
him. Every murder or other injury, no matter for what cause, committed or
inflicted on another is a crime against humanity. (H, 20-7-1935, pp180-1)
Non-violence is like radium in its action. An infinitesimal quantity of
it embedded in a malignant growth acts continuously, silently and ceaselessly
till it has transformed the whole mass of the diseased tissue into a healthy
one. Similarly, even a little of true non-violence acts in a silent, subtle,
unseen way and leavens the whole society. (H, 12-11-1938, p327)
Matchless Bravery
An armed soldier relies on his weapons for his strength. Take away from
him his weapons-his gun or his sword, and he generally becomes helpless. But a
person who has truly realized the principle of non-violence has the God-given
strength for his weapon and the world has not known anything that can match it.
(H, 19-11-1938, pp341-2)
A small body of determined spirits fired by an unquenchable faith in
their mission can alter the course of history. (ibid, p343)
Non-violence of the strong is any day stronger than that of the bravest
soldier fully armed or a whole host. (H, 12-5-1946, p128)
Exercise in Faith
The hardest metal yields to sufficient heat. Even so the hardest heart
must melt before sufficiency of the heat of non-violence. And there is no limit
to the capacity of non-violence to generate heat.
Every action is a resultant of a multitude of forces even of a contrary
nature. There is no waste of energy. So we learn in the books on mechanics.
This is equally true of human actions. The difference is that in the one case
we generally know the forces at work, and when we do, we can mathematically
foretell the resultant. In the case of human actions, they result from a
concurrence of forces of most of which we have no knowledge. But our ignorance
must not be made to serve the cause of disbelief in the power of these forces.
Rather is our ignorance a cause for greater faith. And non-violence being the
mightiest force in the world and also the most elusive in its working, it
demands the greatest exercise of faith. Even as we believe in God in faith, so
have we to believe in non-violence in faith. (H, 7-1-1939, p417)
Violence like water, when it has an outlet, rushes forward furiously with
an overwhelming force. Non-violence cannot act madly. It is the essence of
discipline. But, when it is set going, no amount of violence can crush it. For
full play, it requires unsullied purity and an unquenchable faith... (H,
21-3-1939, p433)
A Science
Ahimsa is a science. The word 'failure' has no place in the vocabulary of
science. Failure to obtain the expected result is often the precursor to
further discoveries. (H, 6-5-1939, p113)
If the function of himsa is to devour all it comes across, the function
of ahimsa is to rush into the mouth of himsa. In an atmosphere of ahimsa one
has no scope to put his ahimsa to the test. It can be tested only in the face
of himsa. (H, 13-5-1939, p121)
Violence can only be effectively met by non-violence. This is an old,
established truth...that the weapon of violence, even if it was the atom bomb,
became useless when matched against non-violence. That very few understand how
to wield this mighty weapon is true. It requires a lot of understanding and
strength of mind. It is unlike what is needed in military schools and colleges.
The difficulty one experiences in meeting himsa with ahimsa arises from
weakness of mind. (H, 1-6-1947, p172)
The Deed, not Doer
'Hate the sin and not the sinner' is a precept which, though easy enough
to understand, is rarely practised, and that is why the poison of hatred
spreads in the world.
This ahimsa is the basis of the search for truth. I am realizing every
day that the search is vain unless it is founded on ahimsa as the basis. It is
quite proper to resist and attack a system, but to resist and attack its author
is tantamount to resisting and attacking oneself. For we are all tarred with
the same brush, and are children of one and the same creator, and as such, the
divine powers within us are infinite. To slight a single human being is to
slight those divine powers, and thus to harm not only that Being but with Him
the whole world. (A, p203)
Man and his deed are two distinct things. Whereas a good deed should call
forth approbation and a wicked deed disapprobation, the doer of the deed,
whether good or wicked, always deserves respect or pity as the case may be.
(ibid)
Those who seek to destroy men rather than manners adopt the latter and
become worse than those whom they destroy under the mistaken belief that the
manners will die with the men. They do not know the root of the evil. (YI,
17-3-1927, p85)
It is the acid test of non-violence that, in a non-violent conflict, there
is no rancour left behind, and in the end the enemies are converted into
friends. That was my experience in South Africa, with General Smuts. He started
with being my bitterest opponent and critic. Today he is my warmest friend. (H,
12-11-1938, p327)
The principal implication of ahimsa is that the ahimsa in us ought to
soften and not to stiffen our opponents' attitude to us; it ought to melt him;
it ought to strike a responsive chord in his heart.
As ahimsa-ites, can you say that you practice genuine ahimsa? Can you say
that you receive the arrows of the opponent on your bare breasts without
returning them? Can you say that you are not angry, that you are not perturbed
by his criticism? (H, 13-5-1939, p121)
By reason of life-long practice of ahimsa, I claim to be an expert in it,
though very imperfect. Speaking in absolute terms, the more I practice it the
clearer I see how far I am from the full expression of ahimsa in my life. It is
his ignorance of this, the greatest duty of man in the world, which makes him
say that in this age non-violence has little scope in the face of violence,
whereas I make bold to say that in this age of the Atom Bomb unadulterated
non-violence is the only force that can confound all the tricks put together of
violence. (H, 16-11-1947, p412)